Características dos softwares de tempo de reação para mensurar respostas motoras: revisão sistemática

Tempo de Reação (TR) é uma medida simples que inclui o tempo em milissegundos entre o aparecimento do estímulo e o início de uma resposta motora. O TR é uma variável sensível que proporciona uma investigação refinada do funcionamento neuropsicológico, sendo uma importante medida de avaliação na área da saúde. Este estudo analisou a produção científica relacionada ao uso de software de TR, especificamente quanto aos temas de pesquisa em saúde, identificando os tipos de software e caracterizando o acessório empregado para o registro da resposta e o estímulo visual proposto. O estudo foi conduzido na base de dados ScienceDirect dos artigos publicados de 2001 a 2011, combinando as palavras “reaction time” e “computer” ou “software”, que resultaram em 78 artigos. Investigou-se: software utilizado, objetivo, amostra, área de aplicação/especialidade, acessório utilizado para resposta e estímulo visual. A maioria das pesquisas avaliou: a influência do gênero (10%) e da idade (9%); as funções cognitivas (8%); reabilitação visual (6%); motoristas (6%); reconhecimento facial (6%); e a aplicabilidade de testes computadorizados em distintas populações (6%). Parte dos estudos (14%) aplica softwares desenvolvidos especificamente para o estudo; entre os softwares comerciais, há uma diversidade de fabricantes, com leve predomínio do E-Prime® (10%), seguido do Presentation® (5%), sendo encontrados outros, na maioria, em apenas um estudo. Quanto ao recurso de hardware utilizado, existe o predomínio do teclado (40%), seguido pelo uso de um acessório externo (35%), mouse (18%), monitor sensível ao toque (4%) e alguns não identificados (4%). 

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