Diferenças entre os sexos após 12 semanas de treinamento recreacional de beach tennis na pressão arterial em adultos de meia-idade com hipertensão

Esportes recreacionais são uma estratégia interessante de exercício para o controle da pressão arterial (PA), mas as respostas específicas entre os sexos ainda não estão claras. Objetivo: Explorar possíveis diferenças na pressão arterial e na aptidão física entre homens e mulheres com hipertensão tratada após 12 semanas de um programa recreacional de beach tennis. Métodos: Quarenta e dois participantes (21 homens), com idade entre 35 e 65 anos e diagnóstico prévio de hipertensão, foram randomizados (proporção 2:1) para 12 semanas de treinamento de beach tennis (duas sessões semanais de 45–60 min) ou para um grupo controle sem exercícios. A PA de consultório, a aptidão cardiorrespiratória e a força muscular foram avaliadas no início e após o período de intervenção. Modelos de equações de estimativas generalizadas foram utilizados para avaliar os efeitos principais da intervenção entre os sexos. Resultados: No grupo de beach tennis, os homens apresentaram reduções na PA sistólica e diastólica (-10 ± 2 e -7 ± 2 mmHg, respectivamente; p < 0.001), além de melhorias no teste de preensão manual e nos testes de sentar-levantar de 30 segundos e de cinco repetições. As mulheres apresentaram melhora significativa na PA sistólica (-7 ± 4 mmHg, p = 0,031) e no teste de sentar-levantar de 30 segundos. Nenhuma alteração significativa na PA ou na aptidão física foi observada no grupo controle. Na comparação entre grupos, tanto homens quanto mulheres do grupo de beach tennis apresentaram maiores reduções na PA sistólica em comparação as mulheres do grupo controle (Δ -18 ± 6 mmHg; p = 0,014 e -16 ± 5 mmHg; p = 0,017, respectivamente). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres do grupo de beach tennis para nenhuma variável. Conclusão: Doze semanas de beach tennis recreacional promovem melhorias similares na PA e na aptidão física em homens e mulheres com hipertensão.

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