Influência de fatores psicológicos na mudança da funcionalidade de atletas no processo de reabilitação: um estudo quasi-experimental longitudinal

Atletas são frequentemente expostos a cargas intensas de treino e competição, o que aumenta o risco de lesões musculoesqueléticas. Essas lesões podem comprometer a função, além de desencadear respostas psicológicas negativas, como ansiedade, depressão, catastrofização e cinesiofobia, que impactam a recuperação. Embora esses fatores já sejam associados a prognósticos desfavoráveis em pacientes com dor crônica, sua influência específica em atletas ainda não foi suficientemente explorada, justificando a necessidade desta pesquisa.

Objetivo: Examinar a influência dos fatores psicológicos na mudança na função musculoesquelética em atletas lesionados de diversas modalidades esportivas.

Métodos: Estudo quasi-experimental  longitudinal, com amostra por conveniência do qual participaram  31 atletas lesionados. A função musculoesquelética foi avaliada pela Escala Funcional Específica do Paciente (Patient-Specific Functional Scale: PSFS) e as variáveis independentes foram: cinesiofobia, catastrofização da dor, ansiedade e depressão. Foi realizada a avaliação pré-tratamento, iniciada a intervenção (tratamento fisioterápico) e, após, foi realizada a avaliação pós-tratamento, no último atendimento. Utilizou-se regressão linear múltipla hierárquica para investigar a associação dos fatores psicológicos (cinesiofobia, depressão e catastrofização da dor) com a mudança na função musculoesquelética . O nível de significância adotado foi de 95%.

Resultados: Houve correlação moderada entre depressão, cinesiofobia e mudança na função. No modelo de regressão, a cinesiofobia e a depressão explicaram 43,4% da variância da função e a cinesiofobia, isoladamente, explicou 15,2%.

Conclusão: Cinesiofobia e depressão foram preditores de mudança na função os resultados foram discutidos.

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