Perfil epidemiológico e desempenho funcional no pós-reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior em militares da ativa da Marinha do Brasil: um estudo de coorte retrospectiva

A lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) é comum em contextos esportivos e militares. A reconstrução do LCA (RLCA) é o tratamento padrão, mas ainda não há consenso sobre os critérios ideais para o retorno às atividades operativas, fundamentais para prevenir novas lesões.

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico (função física autorreferida e prontidão psicológica) e avaliar o desempenho funcional em militares da Marinha do Brasil no pós-recuperação de cirurgia de RLCA.

Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva com 93 militares da Marinha do Brasil que realizaram RLCA a partir de janeiro de 2017. Foram aplicados questionários (anamnese, função física autorreferida e prontidão psicológica, via Internet. Vinte e um militares participaram da avaliação de desempenho funcional (dinamometria isocinética do joelho em 60, 180 e 300°/s). Utilizou-se o teste t de Student e de Mann-Whitney para amostras independentes.

Resultados: Participaram 93 militares (96,7% do sexo masculino), com média de idade de 33,7 anos. A maioria (82,8%) relatou satisfação com o tratamento e 53,8% ainda não haviam retornado ao nível funcional pré-lesão. O futebol foi identificado como a principal atividade esportiva associada à ocorrência da lesão. Em desempenho funcional, a razão agonista/antagonista foi inferior a 60% no lado operado, sem diferenças significativas entre os membros.

Conclusão: O futebol foi a principal atividade associada à lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) e mais da metade dos militares relatou não ter retornado ao nível funcional pré-lesão. Não houve diferenças significativas na avaliação isocinética entre o lado operado e não operado.

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